Sekuyisikhathi eside sazi ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezintathu zezinto: okuqinile, okuwuketshezi kanye negesi.Isikhungo sesisindo sama-molecule anguketshezi sihlelwa ngaphandle kokujwayelekile, kodwa uma la ma-molecule emade (noma ayisicaba), ukuma kwawo kungase kube njalo. .Singakwazi ke ukuhlukanisa isimo esiwuketshezi sibe amafomu amaningi.Uketshezi olungenakho ukuqondiswa njalo lubizwa ngokuthi uketshezi ngokuqondile, kuyilapho uketshezi olunesiqondiso esiqondisayo lubizwa ngokuthi i-liquid crystal, noma i-liquid crystal ngokufushane.Imikhiqizo ye-crystal ye-Liquid ayiyona into engavamile kithi, iselula yethu evamile. amafoni, izinto zokubala ziyimikhiqizo yekristalu ewuketshezi.Amakristalu e-Liquid, atholwa ngo-1888 isazi sezitshalo sase-Austria u-Reinitzer, ayizinhlanganisela eziphilayo ezinokuhlelwa kwamangqamuzana avamile phakathi kokuqinile noketshezi.Ngokujwayelekile i-crystal crystal morphology esetshenziswa kakhulu ye-nematic liquid crystal, i-molecular shape. ngebha ende, ububanzi obuyi-1 nm ukuya ku-10 nm, ngaphansi kwezinkambu zamanje ezihlukene zikagesi, ama-molecule e-crystal ewuketshezi azokwenza ukuhlela imithetho ezungeza ama-degree angama-90, akhiqizeing umehluko wokudluliswa kokukhanya, ngakho amandla ON/OFF ngaphansi komehluko phakathi kokukhanya nomthunzi, i-pixel ngayinye ngokomgomo wokulawula, angakha isithombe.
Isimiso se-liquid crystal display i-crystal ewuketshezi ngaphansi kwesenzo se-voltage ehlukene kuyoba ukukhanya kwezici ezihlukene zamanje.I-LCD ku-physics ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili, eyodwa i-Passive Passive (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Passive), futhi lolu hlobo lwe-LCD ngokwalo alukhanyi, ludinga umthombo wokukhanya wangaphandle, ngokusho kwendawo yomthombo wokukhanya, futhi lungahlukaniswa lube ukubonakaliswa kanye transmission uhlobo ezimbili izinhlobo.I-Passive LCD enezindleko eziphansi, kodwa ukukhanya nokugqama akukukhulu, kodwa i-engeli esebenzayo incane, ingaphansi kombala we-Passive LCD wokugcwaliswa kombala, ngakho umbala awukhanyi ngokwanele.Olunye uhlobo umthombo wamandla, ikakhulukazi i-TFT (Thin FilmTransitor).I-LCD ngayinye empeleni iyi-transistor ingase ikhanye, ngakho-ke ukukhuluma ngokuqinile akuyona i-LCD.Isikrini se-LCD sakhiwe ngomugqa omningi we-LCD, kusibonisi se-monochrome LCD, ikristalu ewuketshezi iyiphikseli, kanti embukisweni wekristalu ewuketshezi iphikseli ngalinye liqukethe ama-LCD amathathu abomvu, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye.Ngesikhathi esifanayo kungacatshangwa ukuthi ngemuva kwe-LCD ngayinye irejista ye-8-bit, amanani erejista anquma ukukhanya kweyunithi ye-LCD emithathu ngokulandelanayo, kodwa inani lerejista aliqhubi ngokuqondile ukukhanya kwe-crystal cell cell ezintathu, kodwa ngokuthi “iphalethi” ozoyivakashela.Akunangqondo ukuba nerejista ebonakalayo yephikseli ngayinye.Eqinisweni, kufakwe umugqa owodwa kuphela wamarejista, axhunywe kumugqa ngamunye wamaphikseli ngokushintshana futhi alayishe okuqukethwe kulowo mugqa.
Amakristalu oketshezi abukeka futhi azwakala njengoketshezi, kodwa ukwakheka kwawo kwamangqamuzana ayikristalu kusebenza njengokuqinile.Njengezinsimbi endaweni kazibuthe, lapho engaphansi kwenkundla kagesi yangaphandle, ama-molecule enza uhlelo olunembile;Uma ukuhlelwa kwama-molecule kulawulwa ngendlela efanele. , ama-molecule ekristalu ewuketshezi azovumela ukukhanya kudlule;Indlela yokukhanya ngekristalu ewuketshezi inganqunywa ukuhlelwa kwama-molecule awenza, esinye isici sezinsimbi eziqinile. njengama-molecule.Emvelweni, izimbazo ezinde zala mamolekyuli afana nenduku zicishe zifane.I-Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) iqala ihlanganisa amakristalu awuketshezi okufanele athululwe phakathi kwezindiza ezimbili ezifakwe izikhala ukuze zisebenze kahle.Izikhala ezindizeni ezimbili perpendicular komunye nomunye (ama-90 degrees), okungukuthi, uma ama-molecule endizeni eyodwa eqondaniswe enyakatho-eningizimu, ama-molecule kwenye indiza aqondaniswe empumalanga-ntshonalanga, futhi ama-molecule aphakathi nendawo.izindiza ezimbili ziphoqeleka ukuba zibe i-twist ye-90-degree.Ngenxa yokuthi ukukhanya kuhamba ngendlela yama-molecule, kuphinde kusontwe ngamadigri angu-90 njengoba kudlula i-crystal crystal.Kodwa lapho i-voltage isetshenziswa ku-crystal ewuketshezi, ama-molecule ahlela kabusha. ziqondile, ukuvumela ukukhanya kugeleze kuqonde ngaphandle kokusonta.Isici sesibili se-LCDS ukuthi bathembele kuzihlungi ze-polarizing kanye nokukhanya ngokwako.Ukukhanya kwemvelo kuyahluka ngokungahleliwe kuzo zonke izinhlangothi.Le migqa yenza inethi evimba konke ukukhanya okungahambisani nale migqa.Ulayini wesihlungi owenziwe nge-polarized perpendicular to the first, ngakho-ke uvimba ngokuphelele ukukhanya kwe-polarized.Kuphela uma imigqa yezihlungi ezimbili ihambisana ngokuphelele, noma uma ukukhanya ngokwako kusontekile ukuze kufane nesihlungi se-polarized sesibili, ukukhanya kungangena. .Ama-LCDs akhiwe ngezihlungi ezinjalo ezimbili eziqondile, ngakho-ke kufanele ngokuvamile avimbe noma yikuphi ukukhanya okuzama ukungena.Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi izihlungi ezimbili zigcwaliswa ngamakristalu oketshezi olusontekile, ngemva kokuba ukukhanya kudlule isihlungi sokuqala, kusontekile ngamadigri angu-90. Ngama-molecule e-crystal ewuketshezi, futhi ekugcineni adlule esihlungini sesibili. Uma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-voltage ibisetshenziswa kukristalu oluwuketshezi, ama-molecule ayeyozihlela kabusha ngendlela yokuthi ukukhanya kwakungeke kusasonteka, ngakho-ke izovinjelwa isihlungi sesibili.I-Synaptics TDDI, isibonelo, ihlanganisa izilawuli zokuthinta futhi ibonise amadrayivu ku-chip eyodwa, inciphisa inani lezingxenye futhi yenza umklamo ube lula.I-ClearPad 4291isekela i-hybrid multipoint inline design esebenzisa ngokunenzuzo ungqimba olukhona ku-liquid crystal display (LCD), eqeda isidingo sezinzwa zokuthinta ezihlukene.I-ClearPad 4191 ithatha isinyathelo esiqhubekayo, isebenzisa ama-electrode akhona ku-LCD, ngaleyo ndlela izuze uhlelo olulula ukwakheka.Zombili izixazululo zenza izikrini zokuthintwa zibe mncane futhi zibonise ukukhanya, okusiza ukuthuthukisa ubuhle bubonke bemiklamo ye-smartphone kanye nethebhulethi.Kumbukiso wekristalu owuketshezi we-TN (Twisted Nematic) obonisiwe, ukwakheka kwawo kuqukethe lezi zingqimba ezilandelayo: isihlungi se-polarized, ingilazi, ezimbili. amaqembu ama-electrode avaleleke ngokulinganayo futhi asobala, umzimba wekristalu ewuketshezi, i-electrode, ingilazi, isihlungi se-polarized kanye ne-reflection.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-13-2019